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A source, approaching with speed u towards the open end of a stationary pipe of...

A source, approaching with speed u towards the open end of a stationary pipe of length L, is emitting a sound of frequency fs. The farther end of the pipe is closed. The speed of sound in air is v and f0 is the fundamental frequency of the pipe. For which of the following combination(s) of u and fs, will the sound reaching the pipe lead to a resonance?
u=0.8v and fs=f0
u=0.8v and fs=2f0
u=0.8v and fs=0.5 f0
u=0.5v and fs=1.5 f0
Solution:

Consider a tuning fork as a source of sound which is moving towards the stationary pipe with velocity u.

According to the Doppler effect ,

f'=fsv-vov-vs

Where,

v=is speed of sound

vs=is velocity of source

vo=is velocity of observer

f'=is appeared frequency

fs=is actual frequency

So the appeared frequency of the sound will be,

 f'=fsv-0v-u

Since pipe is closed at one end so it will be like a close organ pipe and we know that close organ pipe has only odd harmonics.

And for resonance, appeared frequency should match with any of the natural frequency of the closed organ pipe.If fundamental frequency of the closed organ pipe is f0, then its natural frequencies will be f0,3f0,5f0....2n-1f0 

So for resonance,

fsvv-u=2n-1f0

fs=1-uv2n-1f0

Now from optionsA,B,C 

u=0.8v

So,

 fs=1-0.82n-1f0

fs=2n-15f0

n=1,  fs=f05

n=2,  fs=3f05

n=3,  fs=5f05=f0

n=4,  fs=7f05

n=5,  fs=9f05

n=6,  fs=11f05

So option (A) is correct, (B) and (C) are incorrect

Now from optionD

 u=0.5v

So,

fs=1-0.52n-1f0

fs=2n-12f0

n=1,  fs=f02

n=2,  fs=3f02=1.5f0

n=3,  fs=5f02

Hence option D is correct.