Paragraph: Light guidance in an optical fiber can be understood by considering a...
Paragraph:
Light guidance in an optical fiber can be understood by considering a structure comprising of thin solid glass cylinder of refractive index \(n_{1}\) surrounded by a medium of lower refractive index \(n_{2}\). The light guidance in the structure takes place due to successive total internal reflections at the interface of the media \(n_{1}\) and \(n_{2}\) as shown in the figure. All rays with the angle of incidence \(i\) less than a particular value \(i_{m}\) are confined in the medium of refractive index \(n_{1}\). The numerical aperture (NA) of the structure is defined as \(\sin i_{m}\).

Question:
For two structures namely \(S_{1}\) with \(n_{1}=\sqrt{45} / 4\) and \(n_{2}=3 / 2\), and \(S_{2}\) with \(n_{1}=8 / 5\) and \(n_{2}=7 / 5\) and taking the refractive index of water to be \(4 / 3\) and that of air to be \(1\) , the correct option(s) is(are)
Light guidance in an optical fiber can be understood by considering a structure comprising of thin solid glass cylinder of refractive index \(n_{1}\) surrounded by a medium of lower refractive index \(n_{2}\). The light guidance in the structure takes place due to successive total internal reflections at the interface of the media \(n_{1}\) and \(n_{2}\) as shown in the figure. All rays with the angle of incidence \(i\) less than a particular value \(i_{m}\) are confined in the medium of refractive index \(n_{1}\). The numerical aperture (NA) of the structure is defined as \(\sin i_{m}\).

Question:
For two structures namely \(S_{1}\) with \(n_{1}=\sqrt{45} / 4\) and \(n_{2}=3 / 2\), and \(S_{2}\) with \(n_{1}=8 / 5\) and \(n_{2}=7 / 5\) and taking the refractive index of water to be \(4 / 3\) and that of air to be \(1\) , the correct option(s) is(are)
Solution:
Let the whole structure is placed in a medium of refractive index , then
.....(i)
Here for and
From equation (i),
Now, for (i)
For (ii)
Not equal
For (iii)
For (iv)
Not equal
.....(i)
Here for and
From equation (i),
Now, for (i)
For (ii)
Not equal
For (iii)
For (iv)
Not equal
















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